Shear for metallic stock



Oct. 1, 1957 E. c. PETERSON 2,808,104

SHEAR FOR METALLIC STOCK Filed Oct. 20, 1955 s Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Oct- 1, 1 E. c. PETERSON SHEAR FOR METALLIC STOCK Filed Oct. 20, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR iafward Ci fferjaza Oct. 1, 1957 E. c. PETERSON 2,308,104

SHEAR FOR METALLIC STOCK Filed Oct. 20, 1955 s Sheets-Sheet s IIIIIlIII/I, //////4 III/Ill];

' INVENTOR ATTORN EYS United States SHEAR FOR METALLIC STOCK Edward C. Peterson, Reading, Pa., assignor to Birdsboro Steel Foundry and Machine Company, Reading, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Application October 20, 1955, Serial No. 541,729

11 Claims. (Cl. 164-34) The present invention relates to shears for shearing metal parts and especially to flying shears adapted to cut travelling stock from a rolling mill or the like as it is moving.

A purpose of the invention is to cut travelling stock or work with less damage to the cut ends and particularly without laterally deforming or bunging the ends adjacent the point of cut.

A further purpose is to secure more accurate shearing of rolling mill stock and the like with less damage to the work.

A further purpose is to produce a flying shear with a longer service life and less likelihood of damage during service.

A further purpose is to grasp the stock adjoining the point of shearing between gags and to operate the shear in response to further application of the gripping pressure, desirably by hydraulic mechanism interposed in the line of pressure application.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate one only of the numerous embodiments in which my invention may appear, selecting the form shown from the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation and clear demonstration of the principles involved.

Figure l is a top plan view of a flying shear according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section of Figure 1 on the line 2-2.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line 33 of Figure 2.

Describing in illustration but not in limitation and referring to the drawings:

Several different types of flying shears have been produced and generally used for cutting bars, shapes and other metallic stock or work usually coming from the rolling mill in the process of the production of steel or other metals and alloys. Extensive use has been made of the grasshopper shear and also of the rotary drum flying shear. The rotary drum flying shear requires a ratio of drum diameter to bar diameter which is relatively large in order to secure proper cutting action, and because of this factor this type of shear is limited in its adaptability to relatively small sizes of stock. None of the prior art flying shears is fully satisfactory from the standpoint of the quality of the cut. There is a tendency to produce a slight lateral deformation or hook in the end of the bar.

The present invention is designed particularly to produce a reliably satisfactory .and reasonably priced flying shear which will secure a substantially clean cut, with little or no tendency to deform the work laterally adjacent the cut, and therefore without appreciable tendency to cause bending or hooking of the ends of the work.

In accordance with the invention, the work is gripped between gags adjacent the point of cut during the cutting operation. Furthermore the operation of the shears 2,808,104 Patented Oct. 1, 1957 themselves is made dependent upon the gripping, since it it the transmission of pressure from the further tendency of the gripping elements to move toward one another which causes the shearing action. This reliably assures that the clamping pressure is greater than the shearing pressure, thus eliminating the tendency to deform the ends adjacent the cut.

Furthermore the work in accordance with the invention lies level on the aproach and run-out table rollers at all times during the cutting operation and is not depressed below or lifted up above the table rollers to any serious extent in cutting as in conventional shears. The cut end is only lifted off the table rollers by the amount of its own thickness, and not a predetermined amount equal to the maximum shear stroke, and the bar is lying loosely on the table rollers at that time, so that there will not be an appreciable tendency to deform the bar. By this means an extremely high quality of cut end is obtained.

In accordance with the invention, the flying shear travels on a carriage at a speed which equals the forward speed ofthe work at the moment of cutting, and at the same time a top ram is lowered which carries the top gag. If no bar is in the shear the top gag just meets the bottom gag and no operation of the shear blades occurs.

However, if a bar is present between the gags, the top gag clamps the bar against the bottom gag which may permissibly be mounted in stationary position on the carriage. Continuance of the stroke of the top ram traps hydraulic liquid and this is used to operate one of the shear blades, desirably the lower shear blade, against the upper shear blade which is carried with the top gag.

The shear has a main frame 20 which carries a longitudinal guideway 21 extending horizontally on each side in the direction of stock motion. The longitudinal guideway 21 has-bottom and interior guide bearings 22 which receive a guide block 23 on a shear carriage 24 which moves longitudinally in the direction of stock travel at the time of the cut.

The shear carriage has an opening 25 extending longitudinally in the interior and this opening is in line with a set of roller guides 26 on opposite sides of the mechanism, which are driven to progress the stock in the direction of motion of the carriage at the time of cut, by motors 27 and chain drives 28 suitably interconnected to the respective rollers by chain driving connections 30.

The main drive of the mechanism is accomplished by motors 31 coupled together at 32 and driving a speed reducer 33. A brake is provided at 34 to stop the motion when desired. The output of the speed reducer is carried through coupling 35 to crank shaft 36 mounted on bearings 37 in the frame. The crank shaft carries gear 38 in gear box 40 which connects to gear 41 journalled on stub shaft 42, which in turn connects to gear 43 journalled on stub staft 44 which in turn connects to gear 45 on bottom eccentric shaft 46 journaled in bearings 47 in the frame. The shafts 36 and 46 turn in opposite directions at the same speed.

At the opposite ends of shaft as there are keyed thereon eccentrics 4S acting in unison While at opposite ends of the shaft 46 there are keyed thereon eccentrics 50 acting in unison. The eccentrics 5% are placed geometrically out of phase with the eccentrics 4-8 but positioned so that they will act in unison as to translatory motion since the shafts are moving in opposite directions.

The eccentrics in each case are externally circular and surrounded by engaging eccentric blocks 51 which have stock at the same speed as the stock.

The shaft 36 at its center has a crank 53 which pivotal,-

,3 ly connects -to a pitman "54 in a pitman bearing 55 at the top of an upper ram 56 which moves up and down in an upper cylinder 57 sealed by packing 58 tightened by a gland 60. e

The upper cylinder '57 has vertical guiding shoes 61 which engages vertical guideways '62 rf-the carriage, and the cylinder is retract-ed to its raised position'by helical compression-springs 63 surrounding pull rods 64 on the :upper-partof-thecarriage, the springs actinghetweenlugs -65 onthe upper cylinder and spring retainers 66 on the lower ends of the pull rods.

Atthe bottom the cylinder mounts an upperclamping gag67 adapted-to engage the top ,of the stock. The upper shearblade 68 -is desirably secured to one side of ,the gag The carriage supports "helow the"lin e of stock travel a "lower gag "illwhich-is desirably in position to'be engaged *b ythewvork as it travels across 'the feed rollers .26. The -lowergagiil is in line with-the upper gag 67 sothat when the upper gag moves down the gagsgrip onv opposite sides of the :stock.

Alower cylinder 7j1-is mounted. on the carriage. A ';lower-;ram 76 in cylinden'll is spring retracted 'bypull "rodsfiz anchored in the lower ram and surrounded by spiral compression springs 73 which actbetweenglugs 7 4 on the cylinder and spring retainers 115 on the pull rods. 'The lower ram"76 acts'in and cooperates with the lower cylinder, sealingbeing accomplished by paclging'77cornpressed by gland 78.

T he lower ram "76 has guiding extensions :80 at the sides which extend into guiding relation withlhe vertical guides62 on the carriage. Thelower rarnmounts at the top'a lower shear blade'Sl which islined up to cooperate with theupper shear blade '68. w

The upper cylinderhas a connectingpipeflzand the lower cylinder has a connecting pipe 1'83 iboth extending out to; the side and moving with the c arriaga as bestseen in'Figure'3. 'Pipes'8l and 83 respectivelyjconnectto slide --pipes 84 which at the time of operation reeeiyehydraulic liquid from a suitable source not shown.

In operation, the shear will normally remaininoperative when not in use, and the stockcan pass through the shear without being cut.

When it is desiredto make a cu t, the driyecarries the carriage forward at a speed whichsypchronizes with the speed of the work, and the upper gag jiscarried downward by the pitman, upper-ramyhydraulic liguid of the upper cylinder and upper. cylinderuntil'itgrips the work. Further movement of-the upper ram jforces hydraulic liquid from theupper cylinder whichentersthe lower cylinder and operates thelowerram to raisethe lower :shear blade and accomplish shearing against the upper "shear blade. Sinceit is the thickness of thestock whi h, clamped between the gags provides the resistance to force the hydraulic liquid't-rorn theupper cylinderto the lowercylinder, and since the cylindersareof the same diameter, the lower shear blade movesup a distance ex- -actly corresponding to the thickness of thestock, thus avoiding unnecessary travel. of the lparts and unnecessary rubbing of the shear blades against the ends of the stock.

Springs 63 retract the Upper cylinder and the pitman retracts the upper ram. Springs 73 retract the lower ram.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particularneed willgdoubt-lessbecome evident to othersskilled in the art, to obtain all or part of the benefits of my invention without copying the structure shown, and I, therefore, claim all such, insofar as they fall within the reasonable spiritand scope of my claims.

"Having thus described my, invention what I claim as newanddesire to secure by Letters Patent is:

111m a flying shear for shearing stock which is in -rnoion, carriage, mean 59 ,edvemigslhesarriage with the stock, gags on theearriage respectively ,on opposite sid s f t s ar. blade qnr h ca ri i m g relation on opposite sides of the stock, first hydraulic ram and cylinder means on-the carriage operatively mounting one gag and one shear blade on one side of the stock and moving one gag and one shear blade toward the stock, moving said one gag toward the other gag, and moving said one shear blade toward mating relation with the other shear blade, second hydraulic ram and cylinder means operatively the other shear blade and moving the other shear blade "toward mating relation with the an: shea s ate a serene .hnl es i QWBFFWQP b twe th fi s .eyl ade and th $9.9m ylili means, and mechanism for moving .the .;first-.hydrau1i ram andsyl nds t tsen ma s Aeneid. l set q suh y the application of force which makes the gags engage the s ock transicrs hydraulic fiQidJfrQmE first cylinder means to the second cylinder means to move the other shear blade and shear the stock 2. A flying shear of claim l in combination with first guide means on the carriage guiding th e fi r st hydraulic ram and cylinder means a direction tr ansve r se 'to the stock, and second guide "means on the carriage guiding the secondhydranlic ramand cylinder means in satiettion transverse to the stock. i h i '3. In a shear, means for guiding the work along a work path, a first gag on one side brute workjatEasecond cooperating gag on the other side of the' work paih, a first shear-blade onone ne r theworkjpatmaisecqnd cooperating shear blade on the other side a r -the :w'ork e hme n Q insth a rslativ vi usr fi another andinto engagement withoppositesides of the work, and-hydraulic means operative when th e work is engaged between the gags for moving the she anbl ades into relative cutting rfelation with work? 7 i 4. A shear according to-claim 3, which the hydr aulic means includes-a ffirst means at moving the first ram toward the work, a'hy clra iliclcylinder cooperating withthe firstram, movabletoward the workfaridfmoliiit- 'ing the'first gag andthe-first shearbladez a secondr am, ,a hydraulic cylinder cooper ating with the second rlarii, movable toward the work and riiounting the second shear blade, and hydraulic conr iec tio ns between A the respective ;hydraulic cylinders H i 7 i I i *5. A shear accordingtoclaimjp in which the hydraulic means includes first-hydraulic mechanisminiovlpglwith the first gag and-second-hydraulic mechanisniif ojr'bperatps. one rfll ea b e w en th .fifi i i 54 5 the work.

6. A shear according to claim 5, in which the second hydraulic mechanism operates the second sliear 61565 7. A shear according to claim 3, in coiribination with a carriage mounting the mechanism of claiimljand ngeans for progressing the carriage torward at the sarne speed as the work.

"8. A shear accordingto claim 4,'in which the rams and cylinders are of the saineisiz e andtlie their Bid's relatively move togethenbejzond the pqsiiiontdf gag eneas me w t e s oke .-jd ss9 ut .t th th as :Of' 'h wg k. .7 9- na sh r M rr a e sem ste th anthem- 1499 2 fo a nc n then r i set t t e-san a sess h w rk, ,a lowergag mounted on the ca rriage an .upper gaggoo era n with the lqwe i a ath lsa uas na mine y nd mount n ;th t-une isaec u ds me ns} aths sartia pflm fl nsrt .upp xl ns e :mpy towandethe .wc kian upp rlshear;hl deimounte oru heuppercylinder, an upper ram in the upper cylinder, means for advar-icingthe upper ram toward (the .work, La lowercylinder on the carriage a .lowertrarn' in theelowencylinder movable toward the work-hydraulic: connections betweetr the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, and a lower shear blade on the lower ram cooperating with *the ppper -shear blade.

. 0-. ..-ha -as 9r iast 9 ;iaepmhiestie fitit p n me ret a .t ..,upp. n., l .ede

5 a 6 11. A shear according to claim 9, in combination with 2,261,007 Talbot Oct. 28, 1941 spring means for retracting the lower ram. 2,278,713 Riddle Apr. 7, 1942 2,366,443 Deans Jan. 2, 1945 References Cited in the file of this patent 2,552,958 ah May 15, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 2,699,649 Messick Jan. 18, 1955 2,220,236 Haegele Nov. 5, 1940 

